GREP:
Suppose you want to search for lines containing a line consisting of white space, then the word hello, then the end of the line. Let us start with an example.
>cat file
hello
hello world
hhello
>grep hello file
hello
hello world
hhello
This is not what we wanted. So what went wrong ? The problem is that grep searches for lines containing the string "hello" , and all the lines specified contain this. To get around this problem, we introduce the end and beginning of line characters
The $ character matches the end of the line. The ^ character matches the beginning of the line.
Examples
returning to our previous example,
grep "^[[:space:]]*hello[[:space:]]*$" file
does what we want (only returns one line) Another example:
grep "^From.*mscharmi" /var/spool/mail/elflord searches my inbox for headers from a particular person. This kind of regular expression is extremely useful, and mail filters such as procmail use it all the tims.
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